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|capital = Léopoldville (renamed Kinshasa in 1966) |latd=4 |latm=24 |latNS=S |longd=15 |longm=24 |longEW=E |government_type = Parliamentary republic |title_leader = President |leader1 = Joseph Kasavubu |year_leader1 = 1960–1965 |leader2 = Joseph-Desiré Mobutu |year_leader2 = 1965–1971 |title_deputy = Prime Minister |deputy1 = Patrice Lumumba |year_deputy1 = 1960 |deputy2 = Cyrille Adoula |year_deputy2 = 1961–1964 |deputy3 = Évariste Kimba |year_deputy3 = 1965 |stat_year1 = |stat_area1 = 2345410 |stat_pop1 = |currency = Congolese franc |footnotes = |today= }} The Republic of the Congo ((フランス語:République du Congo)) or Congo-Léopoldville was a state founded after independence was granted to the former Belgian Congo in 1960. The country's post-independence name remained until 1 August 1964,〔("Zaire: Post-Independence Political Development" ), ''Library of Congress''〕 when it was changed to Democratic Republic of the Congo to distinguish it from the neighboring Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), formerly the French Congo. The period between 1960 and 1965 is referred to as the First Congolese Republic while the current Democratic Republic of the Congo is the Third Republic. Unrest and rebellion plagued the government until 1965, when Lieutenant General Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, by then commander-in-chief of the national army, seized control of the country. In 1971, Mobutu changed the country's name to Zaire, and remained its president until 1997. ==Colonial rule== (詳細はCongo Free State in 1908. Select Bantu languages were taught in primary schools, a rare occurrence in colonial education. Colonial doctors greatly reduced the spread of African trypanosomiasis, commonly known as sleeping sickness. The colonial administration implemented a variety of economic reforms that focused on the improvement of infrastructure: railways, ports, roads, mines, plantations and industrial areas. The Congolese people, however, lacked political power and faced legal discrimination. All colonial policies were decided in Brussels and Léopoldville. The Belgian Colony-secretary and Governor-general, neither of whom was elected by the Congolese people, wielded absolute power. Among the Congolese people, resistance against their undemocratic regime grew over time. In 1955, the Congolese upper class (the so-called "évolués"), many of whom had been educated in Europe, initiated a campaign to end the inequality. During World War II, the small Congolese army achieved several victories against the Italians in East Africa. The Belgian Congo, which was also rich in uranium deposits, supplied the uranium that was used by the United States to build the atomic weapons that were used in the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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